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Foundation Engineering Glossary
A practical glossary for piles, drilling, diaphragm walls, anchors, soil mixing, ground improvement and foundation testing. Definitions are written for website users and do not replace project specifications, standards or engineering design.
Index
- 1. Foundation engineering fundamentals
- 2. Soil and groundwater
- 3. Loads and foundation performance
- 4. Drilling equipment and operating parameters
- 5. Pile construction methods
- 6. Borehole support, reinforcement and concreting
- 7. Diaphragm walls and excavation support
- 8. Anchors and grouting
- 9. Soil mixing, ground improvement and testing
1. Foundation engineering fundamentals
Specialist foundation engineering
The branch of geotechnical construction concerned with piles, retaining systems, anchors, diaphragm walls, ground improvement and related below-ground works.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Специальное фундаментостроение · Maxsus poydevor muhandisligi · Махсус пойдевор муҳандислиги
Source IDs: B01,F03
Editorial note: Uzbek and Russian industry wording should be checked against RENTEK's preferred local terminology.
Geotechnical investigation
The investigation of soil, rock and groundwater conditions used to develop design parameters and construction recommendations.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Инженерно-геологические изыскания · Geotexnik tadqiqotlar · Геотехник тадқиқотлар
Source IDs: F02,F03
Shallow foundation
A foundation that transfers load to soil close to ground level, such as a footing or raft.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Фундамент мелкого заложения · Sayoz poydevor · Саёз пойдевор
Source IDs: F03
Deep foundation
A foundation that transfers structural load to deeper soil or rock through piles, drilled shafts or similar elements.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Глубокий фундамент · Chuqur poydevor · Чуқур пойдевор
Source IDs: F01,F03,U01
Pile
A slender deep-foundation element that transfers load through shaft resistance, base resistance or both.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Свая · Qoziq · Қозиқ
Source IDs: B05,F01,U01
Bored pile
A cast-in-place pile formed by excavating or drilling a borehole and then placing reinforcement and concrete as required.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Буронабивная свая · Burg‘ilab betonlanadigan qoziq · Бурғилаб бетонланадиган қозиқ
Source IDs: B02,B05,F01
Driven pile
A prefabricated pile installed by impact, vibration, pressing or another driving method.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Забивная свая · Qoqma qoziq · Қоқма қозиқ
Source IDs: F03,U01
Pile group
Two or more piles that act together, normally through a common pile cap, to support a structure.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Свайная группа · Qoziqlar guruhi · Қозиқлар гуруҳи
Source IDs: F01,U01
Pile cap
A reinforced-concrete element that connects one or more pile heads and distributes structural load to them.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Ростверк · Rostverk · Ростверк
Source IDs: F01,U01
Working platform
A prepared and maintained surface designed to support the foundation rig and its operating loads safely.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Рабочая платформа · Ish platformasi · Иш платформаси
Source IDs: F01
Editorial note: Do not imply that a visual inspection alone certifies platform capacity.
2. Soil and groundwater
Cohesive soil
Fine-grained soil whose particles exhibit cohesion, commonly including clay and some silts.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Связный грунт · Bog‘langan grunt · Боғланган грунт
Source IDs: F02
Granular soil
Soil such as sand or gravel whose behaviour is governed mainly by particle contact and friction rather than cohesion.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Несвязный зернистый грунт · Donador bog‘lanmagan grunt · Донадор боғланмаган грунт
Source IDs: F02
Clay
Very fine-grained cohesive soil with plastic behaviour that is strongly influenced by water content.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Глина · Loy · Лой
Source IDs: F02
Silt
Fine-grained soil with particle sizes generally between clay and sand; it can be highly moisture-sensitive.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Пылеватый грунт · Changsimon grunt · Чангсимон грунт
Source IDs: F02
Sand
Granular soil composed of particles larger than silt and smaller than gravel under the applicable classification system.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Песок · Qum · Қум
Source IDs: F02
Gravel
Coarse granular material made of particles larger than sand under the applicable classification system.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Гравий · Shag‘al · Шағал
Source IDs: F02
Groundwater table
The level below which the ground is generally saturated with groundwater.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Уровень грунтовых вод · Yer osti suvlari sathi · Ер ости сувлари сатҳи
Source IDs: F02
Permeability
A measure of how readily water can flow through soil or rock.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Водопроницаемость · Suv o‘tkazuvchanlik · Сув ўтказувчанлик
Source IDs: F02
Pore-water pressure
The pressure of water within the voids of soil or rock.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Поровое давление воды · G‘ovak suv bosimi · Ғовак сув босими
Source IDs: F02
Liquefaction
A loss of soil strength and stiffness caused by increased pore pressure, commonly associated with loose saturated granular soil during cyclic loading.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Разжижение грунта · Gruntning suyulishi · Грунтнинг суюлиши
Source IDs: F02,B06
3. Loads and foundation performance
Settlement
Downward movement of a foundation or soil mass caused by loading, volume change or consolidation.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Осадка · Cho‘kish · Чўкиш
Source IDs: F02,F03
Differential settlement
The difference in settlement between two points of a structure or foundation.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Неравномерная осадка · Notekis cho‘kish · Нотекис чўкиш
Source IDs: F02,F03
Bearing capacity
The ability of soil, rock or a foundation element to support load without unacceptable failure or deformation.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Несущая способность · Ko‘tarish qobiliyati · Кўтариш қобилияти
Source IDs: F03,U01
Axial load
A load acting broadly along the longitudinal axis of a pile or foundation element.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Осевая нагрузка · O‘q bo‘ylab yuk · Ўқ бўйлаб юк
Source IDs: F01,U01
Lateral load
A load acting transverse to the axis of a pile, such as wind, earth pressure, braking or seismic action.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Горизонтальная нагрузка · Yonlama yuk · Ёнлама юк
Source IDs: F03
Uplift load
A tensile load tending to pull a pile, anchor or foundation element upward.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Выдёргивающая нагрузка · Sug‘uruvchi yuk · Суғурувчи юк
Source IDs: F03,U01
Shaft resistance
Load resistance mobilised along the interface between a pile shaft and the surrounding ground.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Сопротивление по боковой поверхности · Yon sirt qarshiligi · Ён сирт қаршилиги
Source IDs: F01,U01
Base resistance
Load resistance mobilised beneath the toe or base of a pile or drilled shaft.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Сопротивление под пятой · Tag qarshiligi · Таг қаршилиги
Source IDs: F01,U01
Negative skin friction
Downward drag on a pile caused when surrounding soil settles more than the pile.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Отрицательное трение по боковой поверхности · Salbiy yon ishqalanish · Салбий ён ишқаланиш
Source IDs: F03,U01
Load transfer
The process by which structural load is distributed from the foundation element into surrounding soil or rock.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Передача нагрузки · Yuk uzatish · Юк узатиш
Source IDs: F01,U01
4. Drilling equipment and operating parameters
Drilling rig
A machine configured to drill, install piles, mix soil or perform another foundation-engineering method.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Буровая установка · Burg‘ilash qurilmasi · Бурғилаш қурилмаси
Source IDs: B01,B02
Base carrier
The tracked or wheeled machine platform that supports the mast, drives and attachments.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Базовая машина · Baza shassisi · База шассиси
Source IDs: B01
Mast
The vertical or inclined structural guide that supports and directs the drilling or piling equipment.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Мачта · Machta · Мачта
Source IDs: B02
Rotary drive
The powered unit that applies rotation and torque to a Kelly bar, auger, casing or other drilling string.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Вращатель · Aylantiruvchi uzatma · Айлантирувчи узатма
Source IDs: B02
Torque
The rotational moment available to turn a drilling tool, casing or mixing system.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Крутящий момент · Aylantiruvchi moment · Айлантирувчи момент
Source IDs: B02
Crowd force
The force used to push a drilling tool or casing downward into the ground.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Усилие подачи · Bosib kiritish kuchi · Босиб киритиш кучи
Source IDs: B02
Extraction force
The upward force available to withdraw a drilling string, auger or displacement tool.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Усилие извлечения · Tortib chiqarish kuchi · Тортиб чиқариш кучи
Source IDs: B02
Main winch
The primary hoisting system used to raise and lower heavy drilling tools, Kelly bars, grabs or other equipment.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Главная лебёдка · Asosiy chig‘ir · Асосий чиғир
Source IDs: B02,B03
Drilling tool
The tool that cuts, loosens, displaces or removes soil or rock at the base of a borehole.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Буровой инструмент · Burg‘ilash asbobi · Бурғилаш асбоби
Source IDs: B02
Auger
A helical drilling tool that loosens soil and transports it along spiral flights.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Шнек · Shnek · Шнек
Source IDs: B02
5. Pile construction methods
Kelly drilling
A rotary bored-pile method in which torque and crowd are transferred through a telescopic Kelly bar to interchangeable drilling tools.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Бурение с Kelly-штангой · Kelly shtangasi bilan burg‘ilash · Kelly штангаси билан бурғилаш
Source IDs: B02,B05
Kelly bar
A telescopic drill string that transfers torque and crowd force from the rotary drive to the drilling tool.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Kelly-штанга · Kelly shtangasi · Kelly штангаси
Source IDs: B02
Continuous Flight Auger (CFA)
A single-pass bored-pile method using a continuous hollow-stem auger; concrete is pumped through the stem as the auger is extracted.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Непрерывный полый шнек (CFA) · Uzluksiz ichi bo‘sh shnek (CFA) · Узлуксиз ичи бўш шнек (CFA)
Source IDs: B02,B05,F01
Cased Continuous Flight Auger (CCFA)
A CFA method combined with casing to improve bore support, vertical control or construction of applications such as secant pile walls.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Обсаженный непрерывный шнек (CCFA) · Qoplama quvurli uzluksiz shnek (CCFA) · Қоплама қувурли узлуксиз шнек (СCFA)
Source IDs: B02
Full Displacement Pile (FDP)
A cast-in-place pile formed with a displacement tool that pushes soil sideways and produces little or no conventional drill spoil.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Свая полного вытеснения (FDP) · To‘liq siqib chiqaruvchi qoziq (FDP) · Тўлиқ сиқиб чиқарувчи қозиқ (FDP)
Source IDs: B02,B05
Double-head drilling
A method using two rotary drives, commonly to rotate an inner auger or drill string and an outer casing in coordinated or opposite directions.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Бурение с двойным вращателем · Ikki aylantirgichli burg‘ilash · Икки айлантиргичли бурғилаш
Source IDs: B05,B07
Micropile
A small-diameter drilled and grouted pile, normally reinforced with steel, used for new foundations, underpinning or restricted-access work.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Микросвая · Mikroqoziq · Микроқозиқ
Source IDs: B08,F03
Drilled shaft
A cast-in-place deep-foundation element constructed in a drilled excavation, often of relatively large diameter.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Буровая опора большого диаметра · Katta diametrli burg‘ilangan tayanch · Катта диаметрли бурғиланган таянч
Source IDs: F01
Rock socket
The part of a pile or drilled shaft extended into competent rock to develop resistance.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Заделка в скалу · Qoyaga kiritilgan qism · Қояга киритилган қисм
Source IDs: B02,F01
Trial pile
A pile installed before or during production to verify construction procedures, capacity, performance or test assumptions.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Опытная свая · Sinov qoziq · Синов қозиқ
Source IDs: F01,F03
6. Borehole support, reinforcement and concreting
Casing
A steel tube used to support a borehole, control groundwater or guide drilling and pile construction.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Обсадная труба · Qoplama quvur · Қоплама қувур
Source IDs: B02,B05,F01
Casing oscillator
A device that installs or extracts casing by applying alternating rotational movement and vertical force.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Осциллятор обсадных труб · Qoplama quvur osillyatori · Қоплама қувур осиллятори
Source IDs: B02
Borehole stability
The ability of an open borehole to remain sufficiently intact without collapse, excessive inflow or unacceptable deformation.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Устойчивость скважины · Quduq devori barqarorligi · Қудуқ девори барқарорлиги
Source IDs: F01
Drilling slurry
A fluid used to support an excavation, transport fines, cool tools or assist drilling, depending on the method.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Буровой раствор · Burg‘ilash eritmasi · Бурғилаш еритмаси
Source IDs: B02,B03,F01
Bentonite slurry
A water-and-bentonite suspension commonly used to support boreholes or diaphragm-wall trenches.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Бентонитовый раствор · Bentonit eritmasi · Бентонит еритмаси
Source IDs: B03,F01
Polymer slurry
A support fluid based on polymers, used in some bored-pile or drilled-shaft excavations subject to approved procedures and controls.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Полимерный раствор · Polimer eritmasi · Полимер еритмаси
Source IDs: F01
Hollow stem
The internal passage in a CFA or similar auger through which concrete or grout is pumped.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Полый ствол · Ichi bo‘sh sterjen · Ичи бўш стержен
Source IDs: B02,B05
Tremie pipe
A pipe used to place concrete from the bottom upward while keeping the discharge end embedded in fresh concrete.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Бетонолитная труба · Tremi quvuri · Треми қувури
Source IDs: F01
Reinforcement cage
An assembled steel reinforcement frame placed in a pile, drilled shaft or diaphragm-wall panel.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Арматурный каркас · Armatura karkasi · Арматура каркаси
Source IDs: B03,F01
Verticality
The degree to which a pile, borehole, casing or wall element follows its specified alignment relative to vertical.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Вертикальность · Vertikallik · Вертикаллик
Source IDs: B02,B03,F01
7. Diaphragm walls and excavation support
Diaphragm wall
A continuous reinforced-concrete wall built from slurry-supported trench panels for retaining, cut-off or foundation functions.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Стена в грунте · Grunt ichidagi diafragma devor · Грунт ичидаги диафрагма девор
Source IDs: B03
Panel
An individual rectangular diaphragm-wall element constructed before being joined with adjacent panels.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Захватка стены в грунте · Diafragma devor paneli · Диафрагма девор панели
Source IDs: B03
Guide wall
A shallow reinforced-concrete guide constructed at ground level to define panel position, support the trench top and guide excavation equipment.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Форшахта · Yo‘naltiruvchi devor · Йўналтирувчи девор
Source IDs: B03
Trench cutter
A diaphragm-wall excavation tool with rotating cutting wheels that loosen soil or rock while slurry carries excavated material to a treatment plant.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Траншейная фреза · Transheya frezasi · Траншея фрезаси
Source IDs: B03
Diaphragm-wall grab
A grab that excavates diaphragm-wall trenches in repeated lowering, cutting and lifting cycles.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Грейфер для стены в грунте · Diafragma devor greyferi · Диафрагма девор грейфери
Source IDs: B03
Support slurry
Slurry maintained in an open trench or borehole to counter groundwater and earth pressure and help prevent collapse.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Стабилизирующий раствор · Tayanch eritma · Таянч еритма
Source IDs: B03,F01
Desanding plant
Equipment that separates excavated solids from support slurry so the slurry can be conditioned and reused.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Пескоотделительная установка · Qum ajratish qurilmasi · Қум ажратиш қурилмаси
Source IDs: B03
Secant pile wall
A retaining or cut-off wall formed by overlapping adjacent piles, commonly installed as alternating primary and secondary piles.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Стена из пересекающихся свай · Kesishuvchi qoziqlar devori · Кесишувчи қозиқлар девори
Source IDs: B02,B05
Contiguous pile wall
A row of closely spaced bored piles that act as a retaining wall, normally with small gaps rather than intentional overlap.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Стена из смежных свай · Yonma-yon qoziqlar devori · Ёнма-ён қозиқлар девори
Source IDs: F01
Cut-off wall
A low-permeability underground barrier intended to reduce or control groundwater flow.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Противофильтрационная стена · Filtratsiyaga qarshi devor · Филтрацияга қарши девор
Source IDs: B03,B04
8. Anchors and grouting
Ground anchor
A tension element installed in the ground to transfer load from a retaining structure or foundation into a stable soil or rock zone.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Грунтовый анкер · Grunt ankeri · Грунт анкери
Source IDs: B07,B10
Anchor head
The external anchor component that transfers tendon force to the supported structure and holds the locking system.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Анкерная головка · Anker boshi · Анкер боши
Source IDs: B07,B10
Free anchor length
The tendon length between the anchor head and bond zone that is intended to elongate during stressing without bonding to the ground.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Свободная длина анкера · Ankerning erkin uzunligi · Анкернинг еркин узунлиги
Source IDs: B07,B10
Bond length
The grouted anchor length over which tendon force is transferred to the surrounding ground.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Корневая длина анкера · Ankerning bog‘lanish uzunligi · Анкернинг боғланиш узунлиги
Source IDs: B07,B10
Tendon
The steel bar, strand or bundle that carries tensile force within an anchor.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Анкерная тяга · Anker tortqisi · Анкер тортқиси
Source IDs: B07,B10
Stressing
The controlled application of tensile force to an anchor tendon using a jack, followed by locking off at the specified load.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Натяжение анкера · Ankerni taranglash · Анкерни таранглаш
Source IDs: B07,B10
Grout body
The hardened grout surrounding the bonded part of an anchor or micropile and transferring load to the ground.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Цементный корень анкера · Sementli anker tanasi · Сементли анкер танаси
Source IDs: B07,B08,B10
Grouting
The introduction of hardening slurry or solution into soil, rock, fractures or voids to seal, strengthen, fill or control movement.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Инъектирование · Inyeksiya · Инексия
Source IDs: B09
Post-grouting
A secondary grouting operation performed after initial grout placement to improve contact or external resistance.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Повторное инъектирование · Qayta inyeksiya · Қайта инексия
Source IDs: B08,B10
Jet grouting / high-pressure injection
A ground-treatment method in which high-energy jets erode and mix soil with grout to create treated columns, panels or masses.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Струйная цементация / высоконапорная инъекция · Jet grouting / yuqori bosimli inyeksiya · Jet grouting / юқори босимли инексия
Source IDs: B07,B09
9. Soil mixing, ground improvement and testing
Soil mixing
An in-situ method that mixes existing soil with a binder to create improved columns, panels, blocks or walls.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Смешивание грунта · Gruntni aralashtirish · Грунтни аралаштириш
Source IDs: B04
Binder slurry
A prepared suspension containing cementitious or other binding material used in soil mixing or grouting.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Вяжущий раствор · Bog‘lovchi eritma · Боғловчи еритма
Source IDs: B04,B09
Cutter Soil Mixing (CSM)
A soil-mixing method in which rotating cutter wheels loosen the ground and mix it with binder slurry to form panels or walls.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Фрезерное смешивание грунта (CSM) · Kesgich bilan grunt aralashtirish (CSM) · Кесгич билан грунт аралаштириш (CSM)
Source IDs: B04
Single Column Mixing (SCM)
A soil-mixing method using a rotating tool to form individual treated columns by blending soil with dry or wet binder.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Одноколонное смешивание (SCM) · Bitta ustunli aralashtirish (SCM) · Битта устунли аралаштириш (SCM)
Source IDs: B04
Mixed-in-Place (MIP)
A proprietary Bauer soil-mixing method using multiple augers to homogenise soil with binder in situ for walls, blocks or improvement.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Смешивание на месте (MIP) · Joyida aralashtirish (MIP) · Жойида аралаштириш (MIP)
Source IDs: B11
Editorial note: MIP® is a Bauer proprietary method and should retain the registered-mark notation where required.
Vibro compaction
A deep-vibration method that densifies suitable loose granular soil by rearranging its particles.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Виброуплотнение · Chuqur vibratsion zichlash · Чуқур вибрацион зичлаш
Source IDs: B06
Vibro replacement / stone column
A ground-improvement method that forms compacted granular columns in weaker ground using a deep vibrator.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Виброзамещение / щебёночная колонна · Vibroalmashtirish / shag‘al ustun · Виброалмаштириш / шағал устун
Source IDs: B06
Dynamic compaction
A method that repeatedly drops a heavy weight from height to densify deeper loose fill or granular ground.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Динамическое уплотнение · Dinamik zichlash · Динамик зичлаш
Source IDs: B06
Static load test
A controlled test in which load is applied to a pile or drilled shaft and movement is measured to assess load–displacement behaviour.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Статическое испытание сваи · Qoziqni statik yuk sinovi · Қозиқни статик юк синови
Source IDs: F03,U01
Pile integrity test
A non-destructive or low-strain test used to identify possible changes, discontinuities or defects along a pile shaft; interpretation is method-dependent.
Russian / Uzbek Latin / Uzbek Cyrillic: Испытание сплошности сваи · Qoziq yaxlitligi sinovi · Қозиқ яхлитлиги синови
Source IDs: F03
Editorial note: Do not present an integrity test as a direct substitute for a capacity test.
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